What Is Legal Position in Company Law


It seems obvious, but there may be circumstances in which a corporation acts for another purpose, such as .B a particular director or another corporation. If there are any potential doubts about this, the problem should be carefully considered and legal advice sought. The law goes on to say that if directors want to promote the success of the company, they must consider not only the prospect of immediate profit, but also: a non-existent entity cannot ratify measures that it could not have initiated. Therefore, if the company were removed from the register and dissolved on the date on which the action was brought, there can be no question of ratifying an action which a non-existent entity could not have brought at first instance – Floating Services Ltd.c. MV `San Fransceco Dipalola` [2004] 52 SCL 762 (Guj.). Considering directors as servants of the company will be a mistake, as it is professional men and women of the company who are hired to run the affairs of the company. A more appropriate way to describe them is as a senior executive of the company. In addition, in Moriarty v. Regent`s Garage Co ((1921) 1 KB 423), it was found that a director is not an employee of the company, but a person responsible for the affairs of a company. In the United States and several other jurisdictions, transactions by officers, key employees, directors or significant shareholders (defined in the United States as beneficial owners of ten percent or more of the Company`s equity securities) must be reported to the regulator or publicly disclosed, usually within a few business days of trading.

Many investors follow the summaries of these insider trading in the hope that imitating these trades will pay off. While “legal” insider trading may not be based on important non-public information, some investors believe that corporate insiders may still have a better understanding of a company`s health (overall) and that their companies otherwise pass on important information (e.B. on the imminent retirement of a key executive who sells shares, greater exposure to the company by senior executives who buy shares, etc.) (b) Form DIR-3 will be signed electronically and submitted by the applicant using their own digital signature certificate and digitally verified by a secretary of the Company who holds full-time employment with the Company or by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Executive Officer or CEO or Chief Financial Officer of the company in which the Applicant is to be appointed as a director of an existing corporation. **In cases where directors were disqualified before 5/7/2018, the section 167(1)(a) reservation would not apply, and directors would continue to be directors in entities other than the failing entities; The disqualification of these directors could therefore be lifted and their DIN and DSC would be reactivated – Tapash Kumar Samaddar v Ministry of Corporate Affairs [2021] 124 taxmann.com 388 (Delhi). One of the most important legal characteristics of companies is their distinct legal personality, also known as “personality” or “artificial persons”. However, separate legal personality was not confirmed until 1895 by the House of Lords in Salomon v. Salomon & Co. under English law. [10] A separate legal personality often has unintended consequences, in particular with regard to small family businesses. In B v. B [1978] Fam 181 was found that an investigative order obtained by a wife against her husband was not effective against the husband`s business because it was not mentioned in the order and was separate and different from him. [11] And in Macaura v.

Northern Assurance Co Ltd,[12] an insurance policy claim failed if the insured had transferred timber from his name to a company wholly owned by him and it had subsequently been destroyed in a fire; Since the property now belonged to the business and not to him, he no longer had an “insurable interest” in it and his claim failed. In some ways, directors are the trustees of the corporation. They are the custodians or custodians of the company`s money and assets. They are confident in protecting the company`s interests. In addition, almost all of the powers of directors are like fiduciary powers. The power to call, to expire shares, to issue additional capital, the general powers of management and the power to accept or refuse a transfer of shares are all fiduciary powers that must be exercised in good faith for the benefit of the company as a whole. Directors are trustees of the Corporation and not individual shareholders of the Corporation. In accordance with § 152 paragraph 2, each managing director is appointed by the company at the general meeting, unless otherwise provided by law. Since a company does not have its own mind or body and its action is carried out by a person who is not just an agent or trustee, but by someone, the company is liable because its action is the action of the company itself. When a company is considered a human body, directors are the spirit and will of the company because they control the actions of the company 2. In the case of a private corporation, the minimum number of directors is two and the maximum number is fifteen. Since directors are the representatives of the company, the company and agents share a relationship because the directors are not personally responsible for transactions carried out on behalf of the company.

In addition, directors must disclose all personal interests to which the Corporation is entitled. Can an additional director be appointed as a full-time executive director? – A full-time managing director or general manager is appointed by the board of directors, unless otherwise provided in the articles of association of a company. However, given that any director may be appointed as a chief executive officer or a full-time director and that there is nothing in the Companies Act to indicate that an additional director cannot be appointed as a deputy head or a full-time director, there should be no objection to the appointment of an additional director as a deputy head or full-time director. But the term of office of an additional chief executive officer is limited to holding the general meeting and if the company does not reappoint him or her as chief executive officer at the general meeting, he or she will automatically also leave his position as chief executive officer or full-time director. This is because no one who is not a director can act as a full-time executive director or director. The above view was also supported by the Department of Corporate Affairs [now the Ministry of Corporate Affairs]. There are different types of companies that can be incorporated in different jurisdictions, but the most common forms of corporation are: Basically, the directors of a limited liability company are not personally liable for the company`s debts. Liabilities are those of the corporation and only the assets of the corporation can be used to settle those liabilities. In extreme cases where the Company has been allowed to incur debts that the directors know cannot be paid when the debt arose, the directors may be held liable for illegal or fraudulent transactions. Note that these only apply if the director`s conduct is seriously erroneous. However, references to the capacity and powers of corporations have not quite been thrown into the dustbin of legal history.

In many jurisdictions, directors can still be held liable to their shareholders if they induce the company to conduct activities outside of its objectives, even if the transactions between the company and the third party are still valid. And many jurisdictions also allow transactions to be challenged for lack of “business benefit” if the transaction in question has no prospect of being for the commercial benefit of the company or its shareholders. As mentioned earlier, directors are not only trustees of the assets and property of the Company, but also representatives of the Company, as directors who act collectively as a board of directors act on behalf of the Company in all matters except those specifically reserved for the Company. However, it should be noted that while directors may be considered representatives of the Company for certain purposes, with respect to matters for which directors (i.e., the board of directors) are authorized to make a decision, the Company in any way, including at the general meeting, cannot ask the directors to make a particular decision. For example, the allocation of shares, the transfer of shares, investments, etc. If the board of directors has not approved the decision, it is free to change directors in the manner provided for by law. As noted elsewhere in the chapter, in addition to being the representative and trustee of the Corporation, a director may also be treated as an officer of the Corporation, that is, as an employee for the purposes specified in the Act. 7.6b Filling casual positions – Section 161(4), as amended by the 2017 Amendment Act, authorizes the board of directors to fill casual vacancies in the case of a corporation, including a private corporation. A casual vacancy is a vacancy that arises other than through retirement or the expiry of the time limit set for an appointment. Thus, if the position of director appointed by the company at the general meeting is vacated in the normal course of things before the end of his term, the resulting accidental vacancy may be filled by the board of directors at a meeting of the board of directors, subject to any provisions of the company`s statutes. Directors should seek legal advice on each of these issues.

Directors may be called trustees due to the nature of their function, as directors are appointed to manage the affairs of the corporation for the benefit of shareholders. The chief executive officer of a corporation is not a trustee in his or her true form as a trustee of the will or marriage settlement. The director of the corporation is a remunerated officer of a corporation. A widely used and user-friendly company law allows business participants to possess these four legal characteristics and thus operate as a company. .